Grammer Point Unit 9 English Professional I

MODAL VERBS : CAN, COULD, WILL, WOULD

A. We can use can or could to :

–         Make request

Can I make a phone call?

Could you tell me the number, please?

–         Give or refuse permission

You can use my mobile phone

You can’t go there. It’s private

–         Make an offer

Can I take your coat?

–         Say that something is possible or impossible

I can’t get through to them : their phone’s always engaged.

B. We use would to :

– Make a request    : Would you open the door?

– Make offers         : Would you like a glass of water?

C. We use may to make a request :

May I speak to Arthur

Sumber : Hand Out English Professional I Stie PGRI DEWANTARA JOMBANG by Ida Setyawati, S.Pd, M.Pd

Indeks Bahasa Inggris I

Making Phone Calls

A. Match the verbs with the object

1. to dial                             a. a phone

2. to make                          b. a message

3. to leave                          c. a number

4. to use                             d. a call

B. Match the words and phrases with similar meanings

1. The line’s busy                            a. I’ll connect you

2. Will you hold                              b. one moment

3. I’ll put you through                      c. an office number

4. A code                                       d. could I have your name?

5. An extension number                  e. I’m ready

6. Who’s calling please?                 f. the line is engaged

7. This is…….                                g. is that all?

8. Hold on                          h. a country or area number

9. Go ahead                                   i. can you wait?

10. Anything else?              J. ……….speaking

C. Complete the dialogue with phrases below

Could you call back at three thirty               May I speak

What number do you want                          my name

A : Hello, is that 35819?

B : Yes

A : ……………….to Mrs. William, please?

B : Yes, who’s speaking, please?

A : ………………….is Tony Hayes

B : One moment, please, Mr. Hayes

A : Hello, is Mr. Woods there, please?

B : …………………….

A : 8759

B : this is 8758

A : I’m sorry…………..

A : Is that Modern Office Equipment?

B : Yes

A : Could I speak to Miss Jones, please?

B : I’m sorry, she’s out…………………………..

A : All right. Thank you

D. Read this situation and write what you would say. Use the words given in brackets.

Example : You’ve got a pound note but you need some change. You ask somebody to help you. (can you) can you change a pound?

You want to borrow your friends’ camera. What do you say to him/her? (Could I……….?)

…………………………………………………………………………….

You have a car and you want to give somebody a lift. What do you say? (Can I……?

…………………………………………………………………………….

You have to go to the airport but you don’t know to get there. You ask a passer by (Could you…………?)

…………………………………………………………………………….

You want to invite someone to come and stay with you for the weekend. (Would you like……………?)

…………………………………………………………………………….

You are at an interview. You want to smoke a cigarette. What do you ask first?

(Could I ……..?)

…………………………………………………………………………….

E. Let me Do it?

Finish the dialogue in the three situations

1.   Old man           : Oh, this suitcase is heavy!

Young man       : would you like…………to ……………it for you?

Old man           : Oh, that’s very kind of you

2.   Man                 : I have to be at the airport before 11.30

Clerk                : ………….you like ………..to phone for a taxi

………..you, Sir?

Man                 : Yes, please!

Sumber : Hand Out English Professional I Stie PGRI DEWANTARA JOMBANG by Ida Setyawati, S.Pd, M.Pd

Indeks Bahasa Inggris I

Grammer Point Unit 8 English Professional I

MODAL VERBS : SUGGESTIONS, ADVICE (SHALL, SHOULD, OUGHT TO)

A. We can use shall + infinitive to offer help and to make suggestion :

–         Offering help

A : I don’t think I’m going to be able to get through all these letters

B : Shall I give you a hand?

–         Making suggestions

A : I need to have a word with you about the new project

B : OK. Shall we meet this afternoon at 1.30

Note : That we can only use Shall I …………….? And Shall we…….? In this way? we cannot say Shall he……..?,  Shall you………….? Etc.

B. There are a number of other phrases we can use in informal English for making suggestion :

–         Where shall we go for lunch?

–         Let’s go to that new restaurant?

–         How about going to that new restaurant?

–         What about going to that new restaurant?

In more formal English we can use the verbs suggest and advise :

–         I suggest that you read the contract carefully

–         I advice that you read the contract carefully

C. We can should and ought to + infinitive, to give advice or to express obligation relating to the present or the future (see also must and have to)

–         You should keep an accountant of all your expense (this refer to the present)

When you go to the conference next week, you ought to give Mr. Franks a ring (this refers to the future)

Sumber : Hand Out English Professional I Stie PGRI DEWANTARA JOMBANG by Ida Setyawati, S.Pd, M.Pd

Indeks Bahasa Inggris I

Culture

A. Study the following dialogue, then answer the questions that follow

Religious Festival in Bali

Andy    : Martin, did you see the Ngaben ceremony yesterday?

Martin : Do you mean the cremation of the dead body in front of the temple? No, I didn’t

Andy    : What festival have you seen since you came to Bali?

Martin : Temple festival, parades to the sea, offering and I went to the wedding ceremony yesterday

Andy    : Do you have any impression?

Martin  : Yes, of course. The bride and the groom wore the traditional costumes. They appeared so unique with the graceful escorts accompanied by gamelan music in front of the temple

Would you tell me about the cremation? Is it a kind of funeral?

Andy    : Yes, it is. Bodies are often buried twice in Bali. The villages are waiting for a mass cremation. It is cheaper for them. The corpses are taken to the cremation ground. The splendid tower are set ablaze with a magnificent flying glass. The ashes of the bodies are then carried out to the sea and scattered, to free the soul.

Martin  : People say that it is forbidden to see the cremation tower so close.

Andy    : I deny that. I can see them quite clearly.

Did you and your wife go to the wedding party?

Martin  : I went to the wedding party but my wife didn’t.

Questions

1. How many persons are involved in the conversation above?
2. What is their relationship?
3. Who went to the cremation festival?
4. Who went to the wedding party
5. Why did they use magnifying glass to burn the towers?

B. In each of the following pairs of sentences, put a tic (“) net to the one that is more polite.

A. Give me a beer

B. Could I have a beer

A. Caller, I’m afraid the line’s busy. Will you hold?

B. Caller, I’m afraid the line’s busy. Hold, please!

A. What do you want?

B. What can I do for you?

A. What’s your name?

B. May I ask who is calling

A. Could I borrow your pen?

B. Let me have your pen

A. I’m sorry, Mr. Browning’s busy. Can you come back later?

B. I’m sorry, Mr. Browning’s busy. Could you come back later?

A. What did you say?

B. Could I repeat that?

A. May I see some identification?

B. Who are you?

C. Write down the following people might say in these situations using should, shouldn’t or ought to!

Tony has a test today, but he didn’t study for it yesterday

………………………………………………………………………..

We met the children near the market. They didn’t wear their raincoat.

………………………………………………………………………..

My teacher is usually late for the class

………………………………………………………………………..

After cooking some dishes, the whole kitchen is still very dirty

………………………………………………………………………..

Bagus no longer waits for Nita to eat lunch at the cafeteria; and he doesn’t call her either.

………………………………………………………………………..

D. Write an e-mail or a letter to a friend who is going to visit Indonesia for a business/studying/vacation. Give advice about what he/she should and should not do during in our country.

E. Complete the conversation with can, can’t be able to or been able to

Helen         : Tika, I’m afraid that I won’t ………..see you on Friday. I’ve got to see some clients and they……..make it any other time.

Tika           : Don’t worry, we………………easily meet next week. How would Tuesday morning suit you?

Helen         : That’s fine, I ……………come and pick you up at the station

Tika           : That’s very kind of you, but my car will be back from the garage, so I will……..drive uup

Helen         : I’m sorry about the delay

Tika           : That’s fine, really, I haven’t ………..do much work on the proposal, and now I’ve got an extra weekend. I’ll ………….look at it in more detail.

F. Please read the letter and Answer the Questions

The headmaster of Nick’s school wrote to his parents. Read the letter

Greenback College,

Winton burry,

Surrey

3 March

Dear Mr. and Mrs. Ashley,

I’m sorry to have to tell you that the recent conduct of your son, Nicholas, has caused serious problem here. I should like to discuss these problems with you as soon as possible. I would be grateful if you could come and see me. My secretary, miss Bridwell, will be happy to arrange an appointment for you.

Your sincerely,

Alexander Morton

Headmaster

1. What does the headmaster want to discuss with Nick’s parents?
2. Why do you think he mentions his secretary?

What does he want Mr. and Mrs. Ashley to do?

1. He doesn’t say exactly what Nick has done. Why not?
2. Write a letter.

You are the personal manager of a video company. Write a letter to Hazel Reid, telling her that :

a)      She has not got the job she applied (sales representatives)

b)      You would like to appoint her to another job (word-processor operator)

c)      You would like her to come in and discuss this job

d)      Your secretary will make an appointment for her

The note below will help you

Mexco Video Ltd.,

London S.W.I

10 May

Dear Miss……………….,

I am ……………………that your application for the post of ………….has not been successful. However, I am glad to tell you that we would like to offer you the job of ……………. I ……………… if……………..come and …………..this job with me. Please contact my ………………, miss Joy Wilson, who will arrange an …..for you.

Yours sincerely

G. Now look at the rest of the conversation Margaret and Nurse Walker.

What are the missing words?

Margaret                : But I shouldn’t have………..(1) my temper. I shouldn’t have ………..(2) at you. That was awful.

Nurse Walker         : Well, suppose I ………..(3) have told Steve not to go to your class. I’m ………….about that.

Margaret                : I think we were both wrong. …………..don’t we forget about the whole thing. OK?

Nurse Walker         : ………………..

Here are the missing words. Where do they got?

Shouldn’t                sorry                shouted            OK      lost       Why

H. Margaret and Joe are packing to go on Holiday. Match Joe’s replies to Margaret’s suggestions.

1. Shall we take our raincoats?                    A. Lets take these. It might be cold

2. What about our sweaters?                      B. Good idea. I like reading on holiday

3. What about the radio news                     C. No, Thank. I don’t want to hear when I’m

on holiday

4. WE could listen to the news                    D. No, it won’t rain there

5. Oh, all right. But lets take some

books to read                                        E. I don’t mind

I. Here are some more things that happened. What do you think Olivia says about them now, all these years later?

1. Olivia didn’t write a letter to her parents for along time.
2. When her parents wrote her, she never answered it
3. She finally wrote a letter but she didn’t send it.
4. When she finally posted it, it was too late. Her parents were killed before it arrived.

J. What about you? Think of mistakes or difficult decisions you have made. What should you have done? What shouldn’t you have done?

Sumber : Hand Out English Professional I Stie PGRI DEWANTARA JOMBANG by Ida Setyawati, S.Pd, M.Pd

Indeks Bahasa Inggris I

Grammer Point Unit 7 English Professional I

MODAL VERBS : OBLIGATION AND NECESSITY (MUST, HAVE TO, NEEDN’T)

A. Form

A number of different modal verbs can be used to express obligation. Look at the list below. All of these are followed by the bare infinitive :

OBLIGATION                  NO OBLIGATION                 PROHIBITION

Must                                  needn’t                                     musnt’

Have to                              don’t have to                            can’t

Have got to                        haven’t got to                           (be) not allowed to

B. Expressing obligation

–         We use must, have to, and have got to say that something is obligatory :

I have to finish my report by 4.10

–         We use needn’t, don’t have to, and haven’t got to if something isn’t necessary :

You needn’t stay late. We have cancelled the meeting

We don’t have to pay our bill until the 30^th

–         We use musnt’, can’t and not allowed to say that something is forbidden :

I’m sorry, we can’t be allowed to give you your bank balance by phone

C. Talking about obligations and telling people what to do

Have (got) to, don’t have to, can’t and (be) not allowed to are more common hen the speaker is talking about obligations and prohibitions. Must, needn’t and musnt’t are more common when the speaker is giving an order or telling someone what to do.

A   : I’ve got to be in Jakarta by 3.30

B    : Then you must leave immediately, because the traffic is terrible

D. Past Obligations

When talking about the past, we use had to, didn’t have to and couldn’t/wasn’t allowed to :

In my job, I had to be at the office by 8.00. We didn’t have to work hard but we couldn’t leave the office without asking for permission.

Sumber : Hand Out English Professional I Stie PGRI DEWANTARA JOMBANG by Ida Setyawati, S.Pd, M.Pd

Indeks Bahasa Inggris I